A botanical rural dean

This text is drawn from chapter 6 of my book, Curious Minds, because Woolls emerged in the midst of a Facebook discussion on the flower Woollsia pungens.

William Woolls (1814 – 1893)

You get a sense for the way the old botanists worked, when you read William Woolls adding extra comments like the following, wherein you will recognise two recent acquaintances of ours [mentioned earlier in the book]:

There also I noticed the remarkable shrub Atkinsonia ligustrina, of the Loranthus family, which is very dissimilar to the other species of the order. This plant, at my request, was named by Dr. F. Von Mueller, in honour of my friend Miss Atkinson (now Mrs. Calvert), who collected many interesting specimens during her residence at the Kurrajong, and to whom the compliment was especially due.

Sydney Morning Herald, 31 March 1871, 2. 

As we have already met the baron and Ms Calvert (née Atkinson), let us now consider these three masters of 19th century Australian botany: Louisa Atkinson (Beata Ludovica Calvert), Ferdinand von Mueller (who referred to Louisa in that way) and William Woolls, but mainly the latter.

Woollsia pungens was always the first plant collected by Botany II students in the 1960s, when we were sent off at the end of Lent term to collect “70 native species”. Back before the glaciers started tumbling, Woollsia was one of the few plants flowering in chilly May.

Prior to my diversion at 14 into the science stream, I had acquired a smattering of Latin before I was told ex cathedra by Wally the Deadmaster: “Boys who do Physics don't do Latin!”. This dictum was probably delivered at the urging of the dragon lady who taught us Latin, but I digress. The point is, I could make sense of most of the Latin names, but having collected and pressed my specimens, I wondered “why Woollsia?”.

On the left, Dr, William Woolls, as he appeared in the Australian Town and Country Journal, 5 October 1872, on the right, Woollsia pungens.

I asked Professor Roger Carolin, who said it was named by von Mueller for William Woolls. Jump forward to the twenty-noughts when I was a Trove-fiend, working through old newspapers, and I either deduced or was told that Woolls used to write about botany and nature as ‘W.’ for the Sydney Morning Herald, so one lazy night, I searched out and tagged most of his articles with his name.

I still didn’t know what the plant was first called, but as I am doing this second edition, I dug deeper. Antonio Cavanilles called it Epacris pungens in 1797, but Robert Brown later moved the species to a Western Australian genus, Lysinema, something I had deduced from a pencilled note in my copy of Florence Sulman’s little book, The Wildflowers of New South Wales. Some prior owner had noticed the error and corrected it (while getting the spelling wrong).

The correction that set me on the right track.

As an avid reader of old Herald copies, I knew von Mueller had named Atkinsonia after Louisa Atkinson, later Mrs Calvert, and here is how Woolls explained why von Mueller did so:

This plant, at my request, was named by Dr. F. Von Mueller, in honour of my friend Miss Atkinson (now Mrs. Calvert), who collected many interesting specimens during her residence at the Kurrajong, and to whom the compliment was especially due.
— Sydney Morning Herald, 31 March 1871, 2.

Now you are ready to tackle a mix of abbreviations and odd Latin: the first line below tells us Antonio Cavanilles named it Epacris pungens, the second says Robert Brown moved it to Lysinema. Line 6 tells us Louisa Calvert (her married name) collected it in the Blue Mountains, and the author of the treatises (auctori opusculorum) in line 7 is William Woolls.

Ferdinand von Mueller, Fragmenta phytographiæ Australiæ, 8. 1873, 55.

Woolls’ article was mainly about his Species Plantarum Parramattensium, or Plants of Parramatta, and that was the key, when you burrow into von Mueller’s Latin. Keep in mind that in those days, scientists mainly learned “on the job”.

Born in 1814, Woolls was his parents’ 19^th child, and shortly after his father’s death in 1830, the 16-year-old William emigrated to Australia, where he soon became a teacher, and spent a generation educating the sons of prominent colonists. While he was a staunch Anglican, Woolls resisted ordination, but in 1873 became a deacon, and six months later a priest at Richmond, and in 1877, became a rural dean.

In 1871, he received a Ph. D, from the University of Göttingen for his work that we have already met as Plants of Parramatta, but they said of Christopher Wren, si monumentum requiris circumspice: to see his monument, look around. Woolls’ monument is all over Australia’s east coast.

Woollsia pungens, without a doubt one of the hardest heath flowers to photograph.

---

[i] 

It pays to advertise

If you don't know about Polymoth Books, click here.

I wish to announce a rather crazy scheme on my part: a package of 22 of the best books I have written this century, all curated and presented as DRM-free PDF files. This is now in place, if you click on this link.

Note that all of the books are available as Kindle e-books and Amazon Print-on-demand books as well (but I can do mates rates).

The main aim of this PDF scheme is to set my intellectual property loose in schools. Teacher-librarians will be allowed to make class sets of any book (or books), for one term, once they have paid a one-off fee of AUD$50 for the collection, on either a CD-ROM or a USB stick. That includes postage and GST, but you need to order, get an invoice and pay first.

At the end of the term, I ask that TLs delete the files from devices, but if they wish, they can immediately copy them again. I rely on the ethics of TLs, and won't be checking. I also have no plan to check the credentials of purchasers, and will declare all such to be honorary teacher-librarians. My aim is to influence minds, not to make money, so if you fulfil any TL-like role, that's good enough for me. Ordinary librarians count as well, and friends are welcome.

Some of the books in this scheme came out through mainstream publishers and some of them won awards, but were allowed to lapse by lazy publishers, others were excellent ideas that nervous publishers shied away from. All have been seized back, meticulously curated and brought up to date. It has to be conceded that small portions of text (and some illustrations) may appear in more than one volume, because there are certain themes I harp on.

Any good educator does exactly that, repeating the key points.

As you can read on a link that I will post by the end of the month, this century, my work has been awarded:

• Seven CBCA long listings (notables), two CBCA short listings, one Honour Book and one Book of the Year;
• One Short Listing in the NSW Premier's History Awards, Young People's History Prize ;
• Two Australian Awards for Excellence in Educational Publishing;
• One WA Premier's Book Award for Children's Literature;
• One international White Ravens List entry (Germany);
• One Wilderness Society Short List entry, and
• Two Whitley awards.

In other words, there's some serious intellectual merit here.

The titles involved are: 

Australia's Hidden Heroes; sample here

Australia's Pioneers Heroes and Fools; a sort of sample here

Australian Backyard Explorer; sample here

Australian Backyard Naturalist; sample here

Curious Minds; sort of sample here

Kokoda Track: 101 Days; sample here

Looking at Small Things; sample here

Mistaken for Granite; sample here

The Monster Maintenance Manual; sample here

Mr Darwin's Incredible Shrinking World; sample here

Nature of North Head; sample here

Not Your Usual Bushrangers; sample here

Not Your Usual Clever Ideas; sample here

Not Your Usual Gold Stories; sample here

Not Your Usual Treatments; sample here

Not Your Usual Villains; sample here

Old Grandpa's Book of Practical Poems; sort of sample here

Playwiths; sample here

The Lawn a Social History; sample here

The Speed of Nearly Everything; sample here

They Saw The Difference;  (sample) and 

You Missed a Bit. Typical example

I already have a marketing operation in place, and dead-tree versions of all of these books (and also individual e-books with DRM) are available from Polymoth Books, and you can find out about the contents of each title through that link.

I will, in the near future, be providing sample chapters or excerpts through this blog, each bearing the title of the book they come from.

Now, if you'll excuse me, I have some files to sort.

An echidna bibliography part 2 of 2.

 This is a continuation from Part 1, to be found here.

Hope, J. Fossil vertebrates from Wombeyan Caves. pp 155–64 in, Wombeyan Caves. Sydney Speleological Society Occ. Pap. No 8. 1982.

Hulbert, A. J.; Reinald Pamplona; Rochelle Buffenstein; and W. A. Buttemer. Life and Death: Metabolic Rate, Membrane Composition, and Life Span of Animals. Physiological Reviews 87 (2007), 1175 – 1213.

Hulbert, A.J.; Lyn A. Beard and Gordon C. Grigg. The exceptional longevity of an egg-laying mammal, the short-beaked echidna (Tachyglossus aculeatus) is associated with peroxidation-resistant membrane composition. Experimental Gerontology 43 2008) 729 – 733.

Hulbert, A.J.; Lyn A. Beard and Gordon C. Grigg. The possible role of membrane lipids in the exceptionally long life of the short-beaked echidna, Tachyglossus aculeatus. Australian Zoologist 35 (2) (2010) 154 – 159.

Iggo, A.; McIntyre, A.K. and Proske, U. Responses of mechanoreceptors and thermoreceptors in skin of the snout of the echidna Tachyglossus aculeatus. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B 232 (1985): 261–77.

Jackson, Stephen and Colin Groves. Taxonomy of Australian mammals. Collingwood, Vic. CSIRO Publishing, 2015.

Jamison, John. Observations on Ornithorhynchus. Transactions of the Linnaean Society of London, 12: 584-585, 1818.

Janke, Axel; Ola Magnell; Georg Wieczorek; Michael Westerman and Ulfur Arnason. Phylogenetic Analysis of 18S rRNA and the Mitochondrial Genomes of the Wombat, Vombatus ursinus, and the Spiny Anteater, Tachyglossus aculeatus: Increased Support for the Marsupionta Hypothesis. Journal of Molecular Evolution 54 (2002):71 – 80.

Jenkins, F.A. Limb movements in a monotreme (Tachyglossus aculeatus): A cineradiographic analysis. Science 168 (1970): 1473–75.

Johnson, D.H. Mammals of the Arnhem Land expedition. Pp.427–515 in, Records of the American-Australian scientific expedition to Arnhem Land. Vol.4. Zoology. Melbourne: Melbourne University Press 1964

Jorgensen, J.M. and Locket, N.A. The inner ear of the echidna Tachyglossus aculeatus: the vestibular sensory organs. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B Biological Sciences 260 (1995): 183–190. Monotremes

Kerle, J.A. Historical survey of the vertebrate fauna in the vicinity of Uluru and Kata Tjuta. Pp. xv–xxiii in, Reid, J.R. W. Kerle, J. A. and Morton, S. R. (eds). Uluru fauna. The distribution and abundance of vertebrate fauna of Uluru (Ayers Rock – Mount Olga) National Park, N.T. Kowari 4. Canberra: Australian National Parks and Wildlife Service, 1993.

Kielan–Jaworowska, Z. Unknown structures in multituberculate skull. Nature 226 (1970): 974–6.

King, Phillip Parker, Narrative of a Survey of the Intertropical and Western Coasts of Australia performed between the years 1818 and 1822. 2 vols, London: John Murray, 1827.

Koyabashi, Shin. Live imaging of X chromosome inactivation and reactivation dynamics. Development Growth and Differentiation. 59 (2017), 493 – 500.

Krause, W.J. Brunner's glands of the echidna. Anatomical Record 167 (1970): 473–87.

Krefft G. , On the discovery of a new and gigantic fossil species of Echidna in Australia. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (series 4) 1 (1868): 113–114.

Krefft, G. Mammals of Australia. Sydney: Government Printer, 1871.

Krefft, G. Natural History, Section Monotremata. The Sunday Mail and New South Wales Advertiser 28 December 1872.

Krubitzer, Leah. What Can Monotremes Tell Us about Brain Evolution. Philosophical Transactions: Biological Sciences, 353 (1372), (1998), 1127 – 1146.

Lady, A (Emma Macpherson), My Experiences in Australia, Being Recollections of a Visit to the Australian Colonies in 1856-7, 1860.

Lang, Jeffrey W. and Harry V. Andrews. Temperature-Dependent Sex Determination in Crocodilians. The Journal of Experimental Zoology 270 (1994):28-44.

Leach, William The Zoological Miscellany: being descriptions of new, or interesting animals (London, 1815) 3 v. 149 leaves of plates: col. ill.; 25 cm.

Lester, K.S. and Boyde, A. Scanning microscopy of platypus teeth. Anatomy and Embryology 174 (1986): 15–26.

Lewis, D. The Dreamtime animals: a reply. Archaeology in Oceania 21 (1986): 140–145.

Lewis, Darrell. Megafauna identification for dummies: Arnhem Land and Kimberley ‘megafauna’ paintings. Rock Art Research 34 (2017) 82 – 99.

Lidgard, Scott and Alan C. Love. Rethinking Living Fossils. BioScience. 68 (10) (October 2018), 760 – 770.

Lindenmayer, David B.; Michael A. McCarthy; Kirsten M. Parris and Matthew L. Pope. Habitat Fragmentation, Landscape Context, and Mammalian Assemblages in Southeastern Australia. Journal of Mammalogy, 81 (2000) 787 – 797.

Loh, Siew-May; Alexander W. Gofton; Nathan Lo; Amber Gillett; Una M. Ryan; Peter J. Irwin and Charlotte L. Oskam. Novel Borrelia species detected in echidna ticks, Bothriocroton concolor, in Australia. Parasites & Vectors 9 (2016).

Long, John et al. Prehistoric mammals of Australia and New Guinea: one hundred million years of evolution. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2003.

Lyon, M.F. (April 1961). Gene action in the X-chromosome of the mouse (Mus musculus L.). Nature. 190 (4773): 372–3.

Lyon, M.F. (1977). Section II – Chairman’s address. [to symposium on evolution of sex determination and dose compensation for sex chromosomes]. pp 9S-98 in, Calaby, J.H. and Tyndale-Biscoe, C.H. (eds) Reproduction and evolution. Proceedings of the 4th on Comparative Biology and Reproduction. Australian Academy of Science: Canberra.

Macinnis, Peter. Curious Minds. Canberra: National Library of Australia, 2012.

Macinnis, Peter. Mistaken for Granite. Amazon Books, 2020.

Macinnis, Peter. Not Your Usual Treatments. Amazon Books, 2017.

Macpherson, Mrs Allan (A Lady), My Experiences in Australia, Being Recollections of a Visit to the Australian Colonies in 1856-7. London: J. F, Hope, 1860.

Manger, Paul R.; Leslie S. Hall and John D. Pettigrew. The Development of the External Features of the Platypus (Ornithorhynchus Anatinus). Philosophical Transactions: Biological Sciences, 353 (1372) (1998). 1115 – 1125.

Mansergh, I. and Hercus, L.A. An Aboriginal vocabulary of the fauna of Gippsland. Memoirs of the National Museum of Victoria No.42 (1981): 107–22.

Martin, C. J. Thermal adjustment and respiratory exchange in monotremes and marsupials. A study in the development of Homothermism. Proceedings of the Royal Society. 68 (1901) 352 – 3.

Martin, R. Montgomery. History of the British Colonies, vol IV, Possessions in Africa and Austral-Asia. London: Cochrane and M’Crone, 1835.

Matthews, Jaya K.; Clare Stawski; Gerhard Körtner; Cassandra A. Parker and Fritz Geiser. Torpor and basking after a severe wildfire: mammalian survival strategies in a scorched landscape. Journal of Comparative Physiology B 187 (2017): 385–393.

McCarthy, F.D. (1976). Rock art of the Cobar pediplain in central western New South Wales. Australian Institute of Aboriginal Studies:, Canberra, 1976.

McCorist, S. & Smales, L. Morbidity and mortality of free-living and captive echidnas, Tachyglossus aculeatus, in Australia. Journal of Wildlife Disease 22 (1986): 375–380.

McKay. L.M.; Wrigley, J. M. and Marshall Graves, J.A. Evolution of mammalian X–chromosome inactivation: sex chromatin in monotremes and marsupials. Australian Journal of Biological Sciences 40 (1987): 397–404.

McMurchie, E.J.; and Raison, J. K. Hibernation and homeothermic status of the echidna (Tachyglossus aculeatus). Journal of Thermal Biology (1975): 113–18.

Meredith, Louise Ann (Mrs Charles Meredith), Notes and Sketches of New South Wales. London: John Murray, 1844.

Miao, D. Cranial morphology and multituberculate relationships. Pp. 63–74 in, Szalay, F.S, Novacek, M.J. and McKenna, M.C. (eds) Mammal phylogeny. Mesozoic differentiation, multituberculates, monotremes, early therians, and marsupials. Springer-Verlag: New York, 1993.

Miklouho-Maclay, N. Temperature of the body of Echidna Hystrix Cuv. [Extract from Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, 8 425 – 6.] 1883.

Milewski, A. V.; Abensperg-Traun M and Dickman C. R. Why are termite- and ant-eating mammals smaller in Australia than in southern Africa: history or ecology? Journal of Biogeography 21 (1994): 529–543.

Morrow G.; Andersen N. A. and Nicol S. C. Reproductive strategies of the short-beaked echidna – a review with new data from a long-term study on the Tasmanian subspecies (Tachyglossus aculeatus setosus). Australian Journal of Zoology 57 (2009): 275–282.

Morrow, Gemma and Stewart C. Nicol. Cool Sex? Hibernation and Reproduction Overlap in the Echidna. PLosONE, June 2009, 4 (6) (June 2009) 1 – 5.

Moyal, A.M. Sir Richard Owen and his influence on Australian zoological and palaeontological science. Records of the Australian Academy of Science 3 (1976): 41–56.

Mudie, R. The picture of Australia. Whittaker, Treacher & Co., London, United Kingdom, 1829

Mulvaney, D.J. and Calaby, J.H. ‘So much that is new’ Baldwin Spencer, 1860–1929 .A biography. Melbourne: Melbourne University Press, 1985.

Murray P. Chaloupka G. The dreamtime animals: extinct megafauna in Arnhem Land rock art. Archaeology in Oceania 19 (1984): 105–116.

Murray P. Late Cenozoic monotreme anteaters. In:, Augee ML (ed.) Monotreme biology. Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales, Taronga Zoo, Mosman, New South Wales, 29–55, 1978a.

Murray, P. A Pleistocene spiny anteater from Tasmania Papers and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania 112 (1978): 39–68.

Murray, P. F. A unique jaw mechanism in the echidna Tachyglossus, aculeatus. Australian Journal of Zoology 29 (1981): 1–5.

Murray, P. F. Australian megamammals: restorations of some late Pleistocene fossil marsupials and a monotreme. The Artefact 3 (1978): 77–99.

Musser, A. A piece of the platypus puzzle. Obdurodon reconstruction. Riversleigh Notes No 26 (1995): 2–4.

Musser, A. Riversleigh researchers Part 4 –Anne Musser discusses her project to flesh out the picture of our ancient monotremes. Riversleigh Notes No 20 (1993): 2–4.

Newman, E.M. Spiny anteater at Morialta. South Australian Naturalist 1962: 31.

Newsome, A.E.; Catling, P. C. and Corbett, L.K. The feeding ecology of the dingo II. Dietary and numerical relationships with fluctuating prey populations in south-eastern Australia. Australian Journal of Ecology 8 (1983): 345–66.

Newsome, A.E.; Corbett, L.K.; Catling, P. C. and Burt, R J. The feeding ecology of the dingo I. Stomach contents from trapping in south-eastern Australia, and the non-target wildlife also caught in dingo traps. Australian Wildlife Research 10 (1983): 477–96,

Nicol, Stewart & Niels A. Andersen. ‘The life history of an egg-laying mammal, the echidna (Tachyglossus aculeatus)’. Écoscience, 14 (2007), 275-285.

Nicol, Stewart C. Energy Homeostasis in Monotremes. Frontiers in Neuroscience. 11 (2017), 1 – 17.

Nicol, Stewart C.; Cécile Vanpé; Jenny Sprent; Gemma Morrow and Niels A. Andersen. Spatial Ecology of a ubiquitous Australian anteater, the short-beaked echidna (Tachyglossus aculeatus). Journal of Mammalogy, 92 (1), 16 February 2011, 101–110.

Nowack, Julia; Christine Elizabeth Cooper and Fritz Geiser. Cool echidnas survive the fire. Proceedings: Biological Sciences, 283 (1828) (13 April 2016), 1 – 8,

Ogburn, William F. and Dorothy Thomas. Are Inventions Inevitable? A Note on Social Evolution. Political Science Quarterly, 37, (March 1922) 83 – 98.

Osborn, Henry F. Dr. Haacke’s discovery of the eggs of echidna. Science 5 (n.s.) (2 January 1885), 3.

Owen R. Evidence of a large extinct monotreme (Echidna ramsayi Owen) from the Wellington Breccia Cave New South Wales. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London 185 (1884): 273–275.

Owen, R. On the marsupial pouches, mammary glands and mammary foetus of the Echidna hystrix. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. 155 (1865):671–686.

Owen, Richard, Descriptive catalogue of the osteological series contained in the Museum of the Royal College of Surgeons of England. London: Royal College of Surgeons of England. Museum, 1853.

Owen, Richard. On the Generation of the Marsupial Animals, with a Description of the Impregnated Uterus of the Kangaroo. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, 124 (1834), 333-364.

Palmer T.S. The generic names of the three-toed echidna. Science N.S., 1 (1895).: 518-19.

Parrington, F.R. The problem of the origin of the monotremes. Journal of Natural History 8 (1974): 421–26.

Pascual, R.; Archer, M.; Jaureguizar, E.O.; Prado, J. L; Godthelp, H. and Hand, S.J. The first non-Australian monotreme: an early Paleocene South American platypus. Pp. 2–14 in Augee, M.L. (ed.) Platypus and echidnas. Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales : Mosman, N.S.W., 1992.

Pask, A. and J. A. Marshall Graves. Sex chromosomes and sex-determining genes: insights from marsupials and monotremes. Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences 55 (1999) 864 – 875.

Phillip, Arthur. The Voyage to Botany Bay. London: John Stockdale, 1789

Phillips, H. Intertidal echidna activity. Victorian Naturalist 107 (1991): 174.

Phillips, Matthew J.; Thomas H. Bennett; Michael S. Y. Lee and David B. Wake. Molecules, Morphology, and Ecology Indicate a Recent Amphibious Ancestry for Echidnas. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America , 106 (40) (Oct. 6, 2009), 17089 – 17094.

Pian Rebecca; Michael Archer and Suzanne J. Hand. A new, giant platypus, Obdurodon tharalkooschild, sp. nov. from the Riversleigh World Heritage Area, Australia. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 33(6) (November 2013):1255 – 1259.

Pian, Rebecca; Michael Archer; Suzanne J. Hand; Robin M.D. Beck and Andrew Cody. The upper dentition and relationships of the enigmatic Australian Cretaceous mammal Kollikodon ritchiei. Memoirs of the Museum of Victoria 74 (2016): 97 – 105 .

Pickering, M. Garawa methods of game hunting, preparation and cooking, Records of the South Australian Museum 26 (1992): 9–23.

Pledge, N. The giant echidnas Zaglossus species. Pp. 46–47 in Quirk, S. and Archer, M. (eds) Prehistoric animals of Australia. Australian Museum: Sydney, 1983.

Pledge, N.S. (1980). Giant echidnas in South Australia. South Australian Naturalist 55: 27–30.

Pledge, N.S. The upper fossil fauna of the Henschke Fossil Cave, Naracoorte, South Australia. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 28 (1990): 247–262.

Poignant, Axel, The improbable kangaroo and other Australian animals. Sydney: Angus and Robertson, 1965.

Pratchett, Terry. Small Gods. London: Corgi Books, 1993.

Pridmore, P.A. Terrestrial locomotion in monotremes. Journal of Zoology, London (A) 205 (1985): 53–73.

Proske, U. The electric monotreme. Australian Natural History 23 (1990): 289–295.

Ramsay, E. P. Notes of a species of echidna (Tachyglossus), from Port Moresby, New Guinea. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 2 (1877):31–33.

Ramsay-Laye, Elizabeth. Social Life and Manners in Australia Being the Notes of Eight Years’ Experience by a Resident. London: Longman, Green, Longman, and Roberts, 1861.

Reynolds, S.T. and Paul I. Forster, ‘A taxonomic revision of Tarenna Gaertn. and Triflorensia S. T. Reynolds (Rubiaceae: Ixoroideae: Pavetteae) in Australia. Austrobaileya, 7(1), 2005, 29-55.

Rich, T.H. Monotremes, placentals and marsupials: their record in Australia and its biases. Vickers-Rich, P. Monaghan, J.M. Baird, R.F. and Rich, T. (eds) Vertebrate palaeontology of Australasia: Melbourne: Monash University Publications Committee, 1991, 893–1070.

Riggs, R.D. (1990). Marsupials and mechanisms of X chromosome inactivation. Pp. 419–441 in Graves, J.A.M. Hope, R.M. and Cooper, D.W. (eds) Mammals from pouches and eggs: genetics, breeding and evolution of marsupials and monotremes. Australian Journal of Zoology 37(2–4). CSIRO: Melbourne.

Rismiller, P. (1993). Overcoming prickly problem. Australian Natural History 24(6): 22–29.

Rismiller, P. D. and Seymour, R. S. (1991). The echidna. Scientific American 264(2): 80–87.

Rismiller, Peggy D. and Frank Grützner Tachyglossus aculeatus. Mammalian Species, 51, Issue 980, 3 October 2019, 75–91.

Rismiller, Peggy, The echidna: Australia’s enigma, United States: Hugh Lauter Levin Associates, 1999.

Ritchie, A. (1985). Opal fossils. Flashes from Lightning Ridge. Australian Natural History 21: 396–98.

Rothschild Miriam. Dear Lord Rothschild: birds, butterflies, and history. Balaban, Glenside, Pennsylvania, 1983.

Rowe, M.J. and Bohringer, R.C. Functional organisation of the cerebral cortex in monotremes. Pp. 177–193 in Augee, M.L. (ed.) Platypus and echidnas. Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales : Mosman, N.S.W., 1992.

Rowe, M.J.; Mahns, D.A. and Sahai, V. Monotreme tactile mechanisms: from sensory nerves to cerebral cortex. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 125 (2004), 301-317.

Rowe, T.; T.H. Rich; P. Vickers-Rich; M. Springer, and M. O. Woodburne. The oldest platypus and its bearing on divergence timing of the platypus and echidna clades. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 105, (2008) 1238–1242.

Rowe, Timothy; Thomas H. Rich; Patricia Vickers-Rich; Mark Springer and Michael O. Woodburne. The Oldest Platypus and Its Bearing on Divergence Timing of the Platypus and Echidna Clades. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 105 (4) (Jan. 29, 2008), 1238 – 1242.

Ryan, James T. (‘Toby’), Reminiscences of Australia, Sydney, George Robertson, 1895 (there is a later facsimile edition).

Schopf, J. William. Microfossils of the Early Archean Apex Chert: New Evidence of the Antiquity of Life. Science 260 (1993), 640 – 6.

Semon, R. In the Australian bush and on the coast of the Coral Sea: being the experiences and observations of a naturalist in Australia, New Guinea and Moluccas. Macmillan & Co. Ltd. London, United Kingdom, 1899.

Sharman, G.B. Monotreme biology: Chairman’s summary of the Symposium. Australian Zoologist 20 (1978): 1–7.

Shaw, George. General Zoology. London: G, Kearsley, 1800.

Shaw, George. Myrmecophaga aculeata. The Porcupine Anteater. Naturalists’ Miscellany 3(1792).

Singley, Blake. ‘Hardly anything it for Man to eat’. History Australia, 9 (3), December 2012

Smith, Rev. Thomas. The Wonders of Nature and Art. Philadelphia: Robert Carr, 1806.

St Hilaire, Geoffroy, see Geoffroy.

Stokes, John Lort. Discoveries in Australia (2 vols). London: T. and W. Boone, 1846.

Strahan, Ronald (ed.). The Australian Museum Complete Book of Australian Mammals. Sydney: Angus and Robertson, 1983.

Stubbs, George. The Anatomy of the Horse. London: J. Purser for the author, 1766.

Summerell, A. E.; G .J. Frankham; P. Gunn and R. N. Johnson. DNA based method for determining source country of the short beaked echidna (Tachyglossus aculeatus) in the illegal wildlife trade. Forensic Science International, 295 (2019) 46–53

Sutherland, A. (1896). The temperature of reptiles, monotremes and marsupials. Proc. R. Soc. Victoria 9, 57–67.

Tench, Watkin, A Complete Account of the Settlement at Port Jackson. London: G. Nicol and J. Sewell, 1793.

Tench, Watkin, A Narrative of the Expedition to Botany Bay, London: J. Debrett, 1789.

Thomas, R.W. A hole in the fence. South Australian Naturalist 53 (1978): 14–15.

Thomson, P.C. The behavioural ecology of dingoes in North-western Australia. III. Hunting and feeding behaviour, and diet. Wildlife Research 19 (1992): 531–541.

Triggs, B.; H. Brunner, and J. M. Cullen. The food of fox, dog and cat in Croajingalong National Park, south-eastern Victoria. Australian Wildlife Research 11 (1984): 491–99.

Twain, Mark Following the Equator. Hartford: The American Publishing Company, 1898.

Wallis, R. and H. Brunner. Predator scat analysis – availability of packing yarn and a report on an unusual dog scat from East Gippsland. Victorian Naturalist 101 (1984): 79.

Waterhouse, G. R. A Natural History of the Mammalia, vol 1. London: Hippolyte Baillière, 1846.

Watson, J.M.; J. A. Spencer; A. D. Riggs and J. A. M. Graves. The X chromosome of monotremes shares a highly conserved region with the eutherian and marsupial X despite the absence of X inactivation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 87 (1990): 7125–7129.

Weisbecker, Vera and Robin Beck. Marsupial and Monotreme Evolution and Biogeography, in Marsupials and Monotremes, edited by A. Klieve; L. Hogan; S. Johnston and P. Murray. New York: Nova Science Publishers, 2015.

Welbourne, Dustin. There’s no such thing as reptiles any more – and here’s why. The Conversation, 15 October 2014, https://theconversation.com/theres-no-such-thing-as-reptiles-any-more-and-heres-why-31355

Werneburg, Ingmar and Marcelo R Sánchez-Villagra. The early development of the echidna, Tachyglossus aculeatus, and patterns of mammalian development. Acta Zoologica (2011) 92: 75–88.

White, John. Journal of a Voyage to New South Wales. London: J. Debrett, 1790.

Whitehouse, S. J. O. The diet of the dingo in Western Australia. Australian Wildlife Research 4 (1977): 145–50.

Whitley, Gilbert P. More Early History of Australian Zoology. Sydney: Royal Zoological Society of NSW, 1975.

Wilde, Oscar. Lady Windermere’s Fan: a play in four acts. London: Samuel French, [190-?].

William Leach, The Zoological Miscellany: being descriptions of new, or interesting animals (London: E. Nodder, 1814 – 17) 3 volumes.

Wood, J. G. The illustrated natural history, vol 1. London: George Routledge and Sons.

Woolfall, S.J. History of the 13th Earl of Derby’s menagerie and aviary at Knowsley Hall, Liverpool (1806–1851). Archives of Natural History 17 (1990): 1–47.

Zhou, Qi, Embrace cytogenetics in a genomics era: a platypus story, https://natureecoevocommunity.nature.com/posts/embrace-cytogenetics-in-a-genomics-era-a-platypus-story, published 6 January 2021.

Zhou, Yang; Linda Shearwin-Whyatt; Jing Li. et al. ‘Platypus and echidna genomes reveal mammalian biology and evolution’. Nature, published online 6 January 2021.

Echidnas for kids

Whiting, Sue, (ill. Cate James). The Echidna Near My Place. Sydney: Walker Books, 2022. At last, a good echidna book to read to grandkids!

 

An Echidna Bibliography, part 1 of 2

Echidna-related references

This is a list of the works that I (at the very least) looked at and found interesting, and/or thought readers would find interesting, while I was writing two works on echidnas, one for adults who know their science, and one for general and younger readers. Two dated publications got me started, the works of Calaby and Whitley, both listed here. The rest of the sources came from me following my nose, and here, I bring C & W up to date.

Why are the references on the web? Well, in June 2022, I realised that this list was 15% of the general work and 8% of the serious work, a bit of an overload, so I wanted to cut this portion out. On the other hand readers might really want to track some of the references down, so I decided to put them up on the web as a PDF, and also as two blog entries, of which this is the first. While I feel no intimations of mortality, I am approaching advanced middle age, and I want this list to be available after I tumble off my perch.

Each of the sources will be identified in the book(s) when I find a publisher or publishers. I will keep you posted on any progress there.

You can find part 2 here. You can find the PDF version here.

Mainstream sources

Abensperg-Traun, M. and De Boer, E.S. The foraging ecology of a termite- and ant-eating specialist, the echidna Tachyglossus aculeatus. Journal of Zoology, London 226 (1992): 243–257.

Abensperg-Traun. M. Blindness and survival in free-ranging echidnas, Tachyglossus aculeatus. Australian Mammalogy 17 (1994): 11 7– 119.

Abensperg-Traun, M.; Dickman, C.R. and De Boer, E.S. Patch use and prey defence in a mammalian myrmecophage, the echidna (Tachyglossus aculeatus) a test of foraging efficiency in captive and free-ranging animals. Journal of Zoology, London 225 (1991): 481–493.

Abensperg-Traun, M. Food preference of the echidna, Tachyglossus aculeatus in the wheatbelt of Western Australia. Australian Mammalogy 11 (1988): 117 – 123.

Abensperg-Traun, M. Survival strategies of the echidna Tachyglossus aculeatus. Biological Conservation 58 (1991): 317–328.

Abensperg-Traun. A study of home range, movements and shelter use in adult and juvenile echidnas, Tachyglossus aculeatus, in Western Australian wheatbelt reserves. Australian Mammalogy 14 (1991): 13–21.

Akerman K. and Willing T. An ancient rock painting of a marsupial lion, Thylacaleo carnifex, from the Kimberley, Western Australia. Antiquity 83 (2009).

Akerman K. Interaction between humans and megafauna depicted in Australian rock art’ Antiquity 83 (2009).

Alam, Shayer Mahmood Ibney; Stephen D. Sarre; Dianne Gleeson; Arthur Georges and Tariq Ezaz. Did Lizards Follow Unique Pathways in Sex Chromosome Evolution? Genes, 9 (2018), 239;.

Alexander, W. B., Alexander Collie, Journal and proceedings of the Royal Society of Western Australia. 1 (1916), 139; 3 (1918), 37.

Allison, T. and Goff, W.R. Electrophysiological studies of the echidna, Tachyglossus aculeatus III.– sensory and interhemispheric evoked responses, Archives Italiennes de Biologie 110 (1972): 195–216.

Allison, T. and Van Twyver, H. Electrophysiological studies of the echidna, Tachyglossus aculeatus II.– dormancy and hibernation. Arch. ital. Biol. 110 (1972): 185–94.

Allison, T.; Van Twyver, H. and Goff, W.R. Electrophysiological studies of the echidna, Tachyglossus aculeatus I.–waking and sleep. Archives Italiennes de Biologie 110 (1972): 145–84.

Anonymous, A Visit to Australia and Its Gold Regions. London: Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, 1853.

Anonymous. ‘The Platypus, Caution to Bathers’. Maitland Mercury & Hunter River General Advertiser, 18 March 1869, 2.

Anonymous. ‘The Acclimatisation Dinner’, Argus, 16 October 1861, 5.

Anonymous. London Letter. Science, VII (176) (1886), 546.

Anonymous. Proceedings of the Section of Biology. Science, IV (84) (1884), 261.

Anonymous. Selected publications involving Riversleigh fossils and their significance. Riversleigh Notes No. 5: 4 unnumbered pages. 1989

Anonymous. Selected publications involving Riversleigh fossils and their significance. Additions to the list published in Riversleigh Notes Issue 5, April 1989. Riversleigh Notes No 7: 3, 1989.

Archer, M.; Godthelp, H.; Hand, S.J. and Megirian, D. Fossil mammals of Riversleigh, northwestern Queensland: Preliminary overview of biostratigraphy, correlation and environmental change. Australian Zoologist 25 (1989): 29–65.

Archer, M.; Hand. S. and Godthelp, H. Ghosts from green gardens. Preliminary hypotheses about changes in Australia’s rainforest mammals through time based on evidence from Riversleigh. Riversleigh Notes No 7: 4–7, 1989.

Archer, M. Mammals eggstraordinaire. Natural History 103 (1994): 48–49.

Ashwell, Ken W. S., Development of the Olfactory Pathways in Platypus and Echidna. Brain Behavior and Evolution, 79 (2012) 45 – 56.

Ashwell, Ken W.S.; Craig D. Hardman and Peter Giere. Distinct Development of Peripheral Trigeminal Pathways in the Platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus) and Short-Beaked Echidna (Tachyglossus aculeatus). Brain Behavior and Evolution, 79 (2012) 113 – 127.

Aubrey, John. Brief Lives. London: Folio Society, 1975.

Augee, M. L., and E. H. M. Ealey. 1968. Torpor in the Echidna, Tachyglossus aculeatus. Journal of Mammalogy, 49 (1968), 446-454.

Augee, M.L. and Gooden, B.A. Evidence for electroreception from field studies of the echidna, Tachyglossus aculeatus. Pp. 211–215 in Augee, M.L. (ed.) Platypus and echidnas. Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales: Mosman, N.S.W., 1992.

Augee, M.L. and Gooden, B.A. Monotreme hibernation — some afterthoughts. Pp. 174 - 176 in Augee, M.L. (ed.) Platypus and echidnas. Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales: Mosman, N.S.W., 1992.

Augee, Michael; Brett Gooden & Anne Musser. Echidna: extraordinary egg-laying mammal. Collingwood: CSIRO Publishing, 2006.

Australian Geographic. ‘Have you ever seen an echidna’s penis?’. 28 April, 2022, https://www.facebook.com/ausgeo/posts/10158869200833339 (worth reading for the comments).

Balter, Michael. 2014. ‘Dinosaur metabolism neither hot nor cold, but just right’. Science, New Series, 344 (6189) (13 June 2014), 1216-1217.

Banfield, J.F. Tick bites in man. Medical Journal of Australia 53rd year, 2(13) (1966): 660 – 1.

Banks, Banks Papers, 1768 — 1771. Held at the State Library of NSW.

Banks, Joseph, The Endeavour Journal of Sir Joseph Banks, 1768-1771. Prepared from the manuscript The Endeavour Journal of Sir Joseph.

Barker, J. M.; C. E. Cooper, P. C. Withers, and S. C. Nicol.. Reexamining echidna physiology: the big picture for Tachyglossus aculeatus acanthion. Physiological and Biochemical Zoology 89 (2016): 169–181.

Barrington George, The history of New South Wales, including Botany Bay, Port Jackson, Parramatta, Sydney, and all its dependancies, from the original discovery of the island: with the customs and manners of the natives: and an account of the English colony from its foundation to the present time. London: M. Jones, 1802.

Barrow L.; Parr C. L. and Kohen J. L. Biogeography and diversity of ants in Purnululu (Bungle Bungle) National Park and Conservation Reserve, Western Australia. Australian Journal of Zoology 54 (2006): 123–136.

Baudin, Voyage de Découvertes aux Terres Australes. Paris: De l’Imprimerie Impériale, 1807, Vol.1., 1807.

Bednarik, Robert G. Megafauna Depictions in Australian Rock Art. Rock Art Research 30 (2) (2013), 197 – 215.

Bennett, George, Gatherings of a Naturalist in Australasia, London, John Van Voorst, 1860.

Beveridge, I. Echidnotaenia tachyglossi (Johnston) gen. et comb. nov. (Anoplocephalata: Linstowiidae) from the monotreme Tachyglossus aculeatus Shaw in Australia. Journal of Helminthology 54 (1980): 129–134.

Beveridge, I. The genus Linstowia Zschokke, 1899 (Cestoda: Anoplocephalidae) in Australian mammals with the description of a new species, L. macrouri. Systematic Parasitology 5 (1983): 291–304.

Bick, Y.A.E. and Jackson, W.D. A mammalian X–O sex–chromosome system in the monotreme Tachyglossus aculeatus determined from leucocyte cultures – and testicular preparations. American Naturalist 101 (1967): 79–86.

Bick, Y.A.E. and W.D. Jackson. Karyotype of the monotremes Ornithorhynchus anatinus (platypus) and Tachyglossus aculeatus (echidna). Nature 1967, 214 (1967): 600–601.

Bick, Y.A.E.; Murtagh, C. and Sharman, G.B. The chromosomes of an egg-laying mammal Tachyglossus aculeatus (the echidna). Cytobios 7 (1973): 233–43.

Binetruy, Florian; Stéphane Garnier; Nathalie Boulanger; Émilie Talagrand-Reboul; Etienne Loire; Bruno Faivre; Valérie Noël; Marie Buysse and Olivier Duron. A novel Borrelia species, intermediate between Lyme disease and relapsing fever groups, in neotropical passerine-associated ticks. Nature Scientific Reports, published online 30 June 2020.

Bourliere, F. The Lesueur pictures of Australian mammals 1801–1803. Wildlife Australia 22 (1985): 8–11.

Branagan, David. Richard Owen in the Antipodean context [A review]. Journal and Proceedings of the Royal Society of New South Wales 125 (1992): 95–102.

Brandl, E. J. Australian Aboriginal paintings in western and central Arnhem Land. Australian Aboriginal Studies No. 52. (Canberra: Australian Institute of Aboriginal Studies), 1973.

Brattstrom, B.H. Social behaviour of the echidna, Tachyglossus aculeatus: an energetic and evolutionary perspective. Australian Zoologist 20 (1978): 255–56.

Brattstrom, Bayard H. Social and Maintenance Behavior of the Echidna, Tachyglossus aculeatus. Journal of Mammalogy, 54(1973), 50-70.

Broom, R. Note on the period of gestation in echidna. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 10 (1895): 576–577.

Brunner, H. and Coman, B.J. The identification of mammalian hair. Melbourne: Inkata Press, 1974.

Brunner, H. and Wallis, L.R. Roles of predator scat analysis in Australian mammal research. Victorian Naturalist 103 (1986): 79-87.

Buchmann, O. L. K. and J. Rhodes. Instrumental learning in echidnas. Australian Zoologist 20 (1978):131–145.

Burke, Darren; Cherice Cieplucha; John Cass;·Fiona Russell and Gary Fry. Win-shift and win-stay learning in the short-beaked echidna

Burton, Adrian. The echidna enigma. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, 14 (3) (April 2016), 172.

Calaby, J. H. Calaby’s Monotreme Literature.

Caldwell, W. H., The Embryology of Monotremata and Marsupialia. Part I. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B 178, (1887) 463 – 486.

Camens, A. B. Were early tertiary monotremes really all aquatic? Inferring paleobiology and phylogeny from a depauperate fossil record. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 107 (2010).

Carpenter, William, and Abbot, Gorham D. Scripture Natural History: Containing a Descriptive Account of the Quadrupeds, Birds, Fishes, Insects, Reptiles Serpents, Plants, Trees, Minerals, Gems, and Precious Stones Mentioned in the Bible. Boston:, Lincoln, Edmands & Co., 1833.

Carrick, F.N. and Hughes, R.L. Reproduction in male monotremes. Australian Zoologist 20 (1978): 211–31.

Chaloupka, G. and Murray, P. (1986). Dreamtime or reality? reply to Lewis. Archaeology in Oceania 21: 145-l47

Chessell, Gwen, Alexander Collie: colonial surgeon, naturalist and explorer, Crawley, W.A.: UWA Press, 2008.

Collie, Alexander. On some particulars connected with the Natural History of the Kangaroo. The Zoological Journal, 5, 238–241.

Collignon, Peter J.; Gary D Lum and Jennifer MB Robson. Does Lyme disease exist in Australia? Med J Aust 2016; 205 (9): 413-417.

Collins, David. An Account of the English Colony in New South Wales, vol 1. London: Cadell and Davies, 1798.

Collins, David. An Account of the English Colony in New South Wales, vol 2. London: Cadell and Davies, 1802.

Coman, B.J. Helminth parasites of the dingo and feral dog in Victoria with some notes on the diet of the host. Australian Veterinary Journal 48 (1972): 456–461.

Comettant, Oscar, In the Land of Kangaroos and Gold Mines, translated by Judith Armstrong. Adelaide: Rigby, 1980, originally published as Au Pays des Kangourous et des Mines d’or. Paris: Librairie Fischbacher, 1890.

Coote, Anne. “Pray Write Me a List of Species... That Will Pay Me Best”, The Business and Culture of Natural History Collecting in South Wales. History Australia 11(2014) 80 – 100.

Corbett, L.K. Dingoes, feral dogs and crossbreeds in Victoria. Australian Mammalogy 1 (1974): 303 – 04.

Dakin, W. J. General description of the Coral Islands forming the Houtman Abrolhos Group. The Journal of the Linnean Society, Vol XXXIV, 1919, 127 – 180.

Dampier, William, A Voyage to New Holland and the Adjacent Islands, 1699-1700. London: James Knapton, 1703.

Darwin, Charles. The Descent of Man, London: John Murray, 1875.

Darwin, Charles. The Origin of Species. London: John Murray, 1859.

Darwin, Erasmus. Zoonomia. London: J. Johnson, 1796.

Dawson, Terence John. Monotremes and Marsupials: the Other Animals. London: Edward Arnold, 1983.

Debenham, John J.; Robert Johnson; Larry Vogelnest; David N. Phalen; Richard Whittington and Jan Šlapeta. Year-long presence of Eimeria echidnae and absence of Eimeria tachyglossi in captive short-beaked echidnas (Tachyglossus aculeatus). The Journal of Parasitology, 98 (30) 543 – 549.

Dickens, Charles. Bleak House. London: Bradbury and Evans, 1853.

Domrow, R. New records and species of Austromalayan laelapid mites. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 88 (1963): 199–220.

Doran, G. A. The lingual musculature of the echidna, Tachyglossus aculeatus. Anatomischer Anzeiger. 133 (1973): 468–76.

Dyce, A. L. An observation of mosquitoes biting an echidna. Journal of the Entomological Society of Queensland 3: 83, 1964

Eldridge, David John, Dig this: a tiny echidna moves 8 trailer-loads of soil a year, helping tackle climate change. The Conversation, 5 March 2021, https://theconversation.com/dig-this-a-tiny-echidna-moves-8-trailer-loads-of-soil-a-year-helping-tackle-climate-change-155947

Embling, Thomas. ‘The Acclimatisation Dinner’, Argus, 21 October 1861, 7.

Fedak, M.A. and Seeherman, H.J. Reappraisal of energetics of locomotion shows identical cost in bipeds and quadrupeds including ostrich and horse. Nature 282 (1979): 713 – 16.

Fenelon J. C.; McElrea C.; Shaw G.; Evans A.R.; Pyne M.; Johnston S.D. and Renfree M.B. The Unique Penile Morphology of the Short-Beaked Echidna, Tachyglossus aculeatus. Sexual Development, pp. 10 DOI: 10.1159/000515145.

Fenner, P. J.; Williamson, J.A. and Myers, D. Platypus envenomation – a painful learning experience. Medical Journal of Australia 157 (1992): 829–832.

Field, Barron, Geographical Memoirs on New South Wales. London: John Murray, 1825.

Flannery T. F. and C. P. Groves. A revision of the genus Zaglossus with description of new species and subspecies. Mammalia 62 (1998): 367–396.

Flannery, Tim, and Luigi Boitani. Europe: A Natural History. Melbourne: Text Publishing, 2018.

Flannery, Timothy F.; Michael Archer; Thomas H. Rich and Robert Jones. A new family of monotremes from the Cretaceous of Australia. Nature 377 (1995), 417 – 419.

Flannery, Timothy F.; Thomas H. Rich; Patricia Vickers-Rich; Tim Ziegler; E. Grace Veatch and Kristofer M. Helgen. A review of monotreme (Monotremata) evolution. Alcheringa: 2022, Ahead-Of-Print, 1-18, https://doi.org/10.1080/03115518.2022.2025900.

Folger, Tim. ‘A platypus in Patagonia’. Discover, 14 (1993), 66.

Ford, Sir Edward. Some Early Australian Medical Publications. Medical History, 16 (1972), 205 – 225.

Gardiner, B.G. Tetrapod classification. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society of London 74 (1982): 207–32.

Gates, G.R. Vision in the monotreme echidna (Tachyglossus aculeatus), Australian Zoologist 20 (1978): 147–69.

Geiser, Fritz; Clare Stawski; Chris B. Wacker and Julia Nowack. Phoenix from the Ashes: Fire, Torpor and the evolution of mammalian endothermy. Frontiers in Physiology, published 2 November 2017.

Geoffroy, Étienne. [Collection of articles extracted from Annales des sciences naturelles], France?: s.n. 1829.

Giles, Ernest, Australia Twice Traversed The Romance of Exploration, London: Sampson Low, Marston, Searle & Rivington, 1889.

Gould, John, Gould’s Australia: selections from Mammals of Australia, vols I, II and III. South Melbourne: Macmillan, 1984.

Grady, John M.; Brian J. Enquist; Eva Dettweiler-Robinson; Natalie A. Wright and Felisa A. Smith. 2014. ‘Evidence for mesothermy in dinosaurs. Science, New Series, 344 (2014 no. 6189), 1268-1272.

Graves, J.A.M. and Watson, J.M. Mammalian sex chromosomes – evolution of organization and function. Chromosoma 101 (1991): 63–68.

Graves, J.A.M. How Australian mammals contributed to our understanding of sex determination and sex chromosomes. Australian Journal of Zoology, 64(2016):267-276.

Graves, J.A.M. Organisation and evolution of the mammalian genome: comparative cytology and gene mapping in marsupials and monotremes. Pp. 327–329 in Graves, J.A.M. Hope, R.M. and Cooper, D.W. (eds) Mammals from pouches and eggs: genetics, breeding and evolution of marsupials and monotremes. Australian Journal of Zoology 37(2–4). CSIRO: Melbourne, 1990.

Graves, J.A.M. Did sex drive mammal evolution? How one species can become two. The Conversation, 26 July 2016, https://theconversation.com/did-sex-drive-mammal-evolution-how-one-species-can-become-two-62535

Graves, J.A.M. Sex chromosome function in marsupials and monotremes. Pp. 409–410 in Graves, J.A.M. Hope, R.M. and Cooper, D.W. (eds) Mammals from pouches and eggs: genetics, breeding and evolution of marsupials and monotremes. Australian Journal of Zoology 37(2–4). CSIRO: Melbourne, 1990.

Graves, J.A.M. The evolution of mammalian sex chromosomes and dosage compensation: clues from marsupials and monotremes. Trends in Genetics 3 (1987): 252–256.

Green, R.H. The ectoparasitic mites of Tasmanian vertebrate animals. Records of the Queen Victoria Museum, Launceston No 98: 1–25, 1989.

Green, R.H. The fauna of Tasmania: mammals. Potoroo Publishing: Launceston, Tasmania, 1993.

Gregory, J.E.; Iggo, A.; McIntyre, A.K. and Proske, U. Responses of electroreceptors in the snout of the echidna. Journal of Physiology 414 (1989): 521–538.

Griffiths, M.; Kristo, F.; Green, B.; Fogerty, A.C. and Newgrain, K. Observations on free-living lactating echidnas, Tachyglossus aculeatus and sucklings. Australian Mammalogy 11 (1988): 135–143.

Griffiths, M. Tachyglossidae. Pp 407–435 in Walton, D.W. and Richardson, B.J. (eds) Fauna of Australia Vol. IB Mammalia. Australian Government Publishing Service: Canberra, 1989.

Griffiths, M. The biology of the monotremes. Academic Press: New York, 1978.

Griffiths, M.; Wells, R.T.; Barrie, D.J. Observations on the skulls of fossil and extant echidnas. Australian Mammalogy. 14 (1991): 87–101

Griffiths, M.E. The life of the echidna. Australian Natural History 17 (1972), 222–2.

Griffiths, Mervyn; P.J.M. Greenslade, L.; Miller and J.A. Kerle, The diet of the spiny anteater Tachyglossus aculeatus acanthion in tropical habitats in the Northern Territory. The Beagle, Records of the Northern Territory Museum of Arts and Sciences. 1990, 7.

Groves CP. Order Monotremata. In: Wilson D. E., Reeder D. R. (eds) Mammal species of the world: a taxonomic and geographic reference, Third edition. Baltimore, Maryland: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2005.

Gruber, J. W. Does the platypus lay eggs? The history of an event in science. Archives of Natural History 18 (1991): 51–123.

Gruber, J.W. What is it? The echidna comes to England. Archives of Natural History 11 (1982): 1–15.

Haacke, W. On the marsupial ovum, the mammary pouch and the male milk gland in Echidna hystrix. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B 38 (1885): 72–74,

Harris, G. P. Description of two new species of Didelphis from Van Diemen’s land; communicated by Sir Joseph Banks, read April 21, 1807. London: R. Taylor, 1808.

Hawke, Tahneal; Gilad Bino and Richard T. Kingsford. A silent demise: Historical insights into population changes of the iconic platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus). Global Ecology and Conservation, (20), October 2019, e00720.

Hawkesworth. John. An account of the voyages undertaken by the order of His present Majesty, for making discoveries in the southern hemisphere… Dublin: Printed for A. Leathley, 1773.

Heckenberg, Kerry. Thomas Mitchell and the Wellington Caves: The Relationship among Science, Religion, and Aesthetics in Early-Nineteenth-Century Australia. Victorian Literature and Culture, 33(1) (2005), 203 – 218.

Helgen, Kristofer M; Roberto Portela Miguez; Kohen, James; Helgen, Lauren. Twentieth century occurrence of the Long-Beaked Echidna Zaglossus bruijnii in the Kimberley region of Australia. ZooKeys; 255, (2012): 103-132.

Higashiyama, Hiroki; Daisuke Koyabu; Tatsuya Hirasawa; Ingmar Werneburg; Shigeru Kuratani; and Hiroki Kurihara. Mammalian face as an evolutionary novelty. PNAS, October 29, 2021, 118 (44) e2111876118 | https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2111876118

Hill, J. P. (James Peter), The early development of the marsupialia, with special reference to the native cat (Dasyurus viverrinus). Reprinted from The Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science, 56(1910).

Hill, J.P. & de Beer, G.R. The development of the Monotremata. VII. The development and structure of the egg-tooth and caruncle in the monotremes and on the occurrence of vestiges of the egg-tooth and caruncle in marsupials. Transactions of the Zoological Society of London 26 (1949): 503–544,

Hill, J.P. & Gatenby, J.B. The corpus luteum of the Monotremata. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 47 (1926): 715–763,

Hill, J.P. (1910). Contributions to the embryology of the Marsupialia. IV. The early development of the Marsupialia with special reference to the native cat (Dasyurus viverrinus). Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science 56: 1–134.

Hill, J.P. Contributions to the embryology of the Marsupialia. IV. The early development of the Marsupialia with special reference to the native cat (Dasyurus viverrinus). Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science 56 (1910): 1–134,

Hill, J.P. The development of the Monotremata. II. The structure of the egg-shell. Transactions of the Zoological Society of London 21 (1933): 443–476.

Hobbins, Peter. A Spur to Atavism: Placing Platypus Poison. Journal of the History of Biology , 48(4) (Winter 2015) 499-537.

Home, E. A description of the anatomy of the Ornithorhynchus paradoxus. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London 1802: 67–84.

Home, E. Description of the anatomy of the Ornithorhynchus hystrix. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London 1802: 348–364.

Home, Everard An Account of some Peculiarities in the anatomical structure of the Wombat, with Observations on the female Organs of Generation. Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London, 98 (1808).

You can find part 2 here.